| Trained vat officers do inspect company accounts on | | | | Getting the basics right can help considerably to avoid |
| a regular basis and know exactly the types of errors | | | | the minefields that lay in wait for those businesses |
| likely to be uncovered. Up to date accounting records | | | | that fail to address the subject with sufficient |
| are required by all vat registered businesses and may | | | | importance. |
| contain common errors and misunderstandings which | | | | A first step should be to ensure sales invoices are |
| can cost the business dearly. | | | | issued for each sale and a copy of that sales invoice |
| The first step to keeping out of trouble is to | | | | is retained and accurately entered in the financial |
| understand the basics of the paperwork required. | | | | accounting records. The design and information |
| The second step is to ensure accurate financial | | | | contained in the sales invoice should comply with the |
| records are maintained and many types of | | | | value added tax rules. |
| accounting software and bookkeeping software can | | | | The details to be shown on a sales invoice are a |
| assist by at the very least producing a required audit | | | | sequential number to uniquely identify the invoice and |
| trail to support the financial figures entered on the | | | | the date issued which is the tax point, business name |
| quarterly vat tax return. | | | | and address, customer name and address, vat |
| To determine the need for accuracy and compliance | | | | registration number, a description of the goods and |
| it is worth first summarising the work a vat inspector | | | | quantity supplied, the percentage charged and the |
| might carry out when the business is visited to carry | | | | amount of output vat. |
| out an inspection of the business financial accounts. | | | | The accounting software employed and used to |
| While each customs and excise inspector might tend | | | | record the sales invoices should produce an audit trail |
| to conduct the audit in their own way typically the | | | | for both output tax and input tax on purchase |
| totals for several quarterly tax returns will be | | | | invoices received. |
| compared with the total sales turnover and total | | | | Should errors be discovered after the quarterly |
| expenditure to indicate if the returns are likely to be | | | | return has been submitted which total less than 2,000 |
| accurate. In addition cash and bank accounts may be | | | | the correction can be made on the next available |
| examined to determine if the volume of payments | | | | quarterly tax return. If an error exceeding 2,000 |
| and receipts also reflects the scale of financial | | | | pounds is discovered the customs and excise office |
| transactions. | | | | must be informed in writing |
| Having put the overall financial position into | | | | There are a multitude of errors made in the |
| perspective the vat inspection will involve selecting | | | | accounting records supporting the quarterly vat |
| several previous quarters which will be audited in | | | | return. Using a proprietary brand of bookkeeping or |
| more detail. The number of quarters and the choice | | | | accounting software can eliminate many of these |
| of quarters are likely to be dependent upon the | | | | errors and produce an audit trail which at the very |
| quality of accounting records being maintained and | | | | least gains the respect of the vat inspector. |
| the overall view of accuracy. | | | | The vat inspector will find checking easier and having |
| It is quite normal for the inspector to select the | | | | been presented with an audit trail has greater |
| most recent vat return to audit plus a second | | | | confidence the value added tax liability declared is |
| quarterly return submitted in the previous 12 months | | | | more likely to be accurate. |
| and potentially a third quarter from a period in the | | | | Common areas where errors occur in recording sales |
| previous 2 years. Any unusual figures shown up from | | | | vat output include charging value added tax on sales |
| the audit overview are more likely to determine | | | | of business assets, supplies and gifts to employees |
| which quarters will be examined in detail. | | | | at reduced prices, not accounting for the full sales |
| In examining each quarter the vat inspector will | | | | price when an item is taken in part exchange, |
| establish the audit trail and verify the totals making | | | | including vat on credit notes. |
| up the financial figures declared on the value added | | | | Errors reclaiming vat inputs on purchases occur |
| tax return. Individual amounts making up the audit | | | | because businesses claim value added tax when a |
| totals would then be checked by individually checking | | | | proper vat receipt has not been obtained, claiming |
| sales and purchase invoices in addition to most major | | | | input tax on entertainment expenses which is not |
| amounts. | | | | allowed and also claiming input on vehicle purchases. |
| Some items selected for audit during the inspection | | | | Businesses may not claim vat on imported goods until |
| will be checked through to the cash and bank | | | | the vat certificate has been received. |
| accounting records. Many items of major financial | | | | Finally an area which confuses many small business |
| significance and items of a repetitive nature will also | | | | owners is the correct recording and treatment of |
| be audited through to final receipt of money from | | | | under and over assessments of the tax. These items |
| the debtor receipts and creditor payments. | | | | should be accounted for as receipts or payments into |
| Several sales invoices and purchase invoices will be | | | | or out of the value added tax due account and not |
| selected by the inspector for tracing through the | | | | entered in the sales and purchase records. |
| debtor and creditors accounts to ensure that | | | | If these assessments are entered into the sales |
| customer or supplier has also entered the same | | | | ledger or purchase ledgers the items will appear in |
| transaction into their financial accounts. | | | | the figures produced for the quarterly return which is |
| This cross checking with third parties is also likely to | | | | wrong. It is wrong because the value of the under or |
| be carried out as the inspector is likely to have details | | | | over assessment will effectively be doubled up. |
| of transactions from third parties which he expects | | | | The quarterly vat return should be signed and dated |
| to find recorded in the business vat accounts being | | | | by the business owner or a designated responsible |
| inspected. | | | | official who verifies that the tax return is correct and |
| Maintaining records of the value added tax is an | | | | is legally responsible for the accuracy when signing |
| essential accounting function required from the | | | | the return. |
| accounting or bookkeeping software employed. | | | | |